For example below two screen shots show the output of ping command (from a Windows machine) from two IPv4 loopback addresses. Loopback address is 127.0.0.1 is mapped to hostname localhost internally. The most widely used IPv4 loopback address is 127.0.0.1. Any data traffic sent to IPv4 loopback addresses from 127.0.0.1 to 127.255.255.254 as the destination IPv4 address will never appear on network. In other words, if you ping to a loopback address, you get the reply from the TCP/IP protocol stack running on the same computer. When any program/protocol sends data from a computer with any IPv4 loopback address as the destination address, the TCP/IP protocol stack on that computer process the traffic within itself without sending it to the network. Hence you can use the loopback IP addresses for TCP/IP troubleshooting purposes. The loopback IP addresses are always available. Loopback addresses mock TCP/IP Client/Server on the same machine. Loopback IP addresses are managed by the TCP/IP protocol suite within the operating system. As mentioned in previous lessons, 127.0.0.0 is the network address and 127.255.255.255 is the directed broadcast address for 127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 network. The loopback network in IPv4 is 127.0.0.0 with a subnet mask of 255.0.0.0. An entire Class A network itself is reserved as loopback network. IPv4 has special reserved addresses called as loopback addresses.
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